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This USB Host Controller for a Microcontroller project was proposed and is created specifically for the use in ECE 4760 class. The project is designed to create a useable USB host interface to Mega1284 using a dedicated chip, VNC1L, on its development module, VDIP1.
SMD R3 Developer arduino.cc Manufacturer Many Type None (8-bit), (32-bit), (32-bit)(32-bit) Memory Storage, Website Arduino is an and company, project and user community that designs and manufactures and kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and digitally. Its products are licensed under the (LGPL) or the (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone.
Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form or as (DIY) kits. Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards or ( shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages.
In addition to using traditional, the Arduino project provides an (IDE) based on the language project. The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the in, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple,. The name Arduino comes from a bar in, Italy, where some of the founders of the project used to meet. The bar was named after, who was the of the and from 1002 to 1014.
Arduino-compatible R3 board made in China with no Arduino logo, but with identical markings, including ' Made in Italy' text Arduino is. The hardware reference designs are distributed under a Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available. Although the hardware and software designs are freely available under licenses, the developers have requested the name Arduino to be and not be used for derived works without permission. The official policy document on use of the Arduino name emphasizes that the project is open to incorporating work by others into the official product.
Several Arduino-compatible products commercially released have avoided the project name by using various names ending in -duino. An early Arduino board with an interface (upper left) and an Atmel ATmega8 microcontroller chip (black, lower right); the 14 digital I/O pins are at the top, the 6 analog input pins at the lower right, and the power connector at the lower left. Most Arduino boards consist of an 8-bit AVR (ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega1280, ATmega2560) with varying amounts of flash memory, pins, and features. The 32-bit, based on the Atmel was introduced in 2012. The boards use single or double-row pins or female headers that facilitate connections for programming and incorporation into other circuits. These may connect with add-on modules termed shields.
Multiple and possibly stacked shields may be individually addressable via an. Most boards include a 5 V and a 16 MHz. Some designs, such as the LilyPad, run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions. Arduino microcontrollers are pre-programmed with a that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip. The default bootloader of the Arduino UNO is the optiboot bootloader.
Boards are loaded with program code via a serial connection to another computer. Some serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between logic levels and (TTL) level signals. Current Arduino boards are programmed via (USB), implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FT232.
Some boards, such as later-model Uno boards, substitute the chip with a separate AVR chip containing USB-to-serial firmware, which is reprogrammable via its own header. Other variants, such as the Arduino Mini and the unofficial Boarduino, use a detachable USB-to-serial adapter board or cable, or other methods. When used with traditional microcontroller tools, instead of the Arduino IDE, standard AVR (ISP) programming is used. An official Arduino Uno R2 with descriptions of the I/O locations The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O pins for use by other circuits. The Diecimila, Duemilanove, and current Uno provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can produce signals, and six analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins. These pins are on the top of the board, via female 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. Several plug-in application shields are also commercially available.
The Arduino Nano, and Arduino-compatible Bare Bones Board and Boarduino boards may provide male header pins on the underside of the board that can plug into solderless. Many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards exist. Some are functionally equivalent to an Arduino and can be used interchangeably. Many enhance the basic Arduino by adding output drivers, often for use in school-level education, to simplify making buggies and small robots. Others are electrically equivalent but change the form factor, sometimes retaining compatibility with shields, sometimes not.
Some variants use different processors, of varying compatibility. Official boards. Written in, or license Website A program for Arduino hardware may be written in any with compilers that produce binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a development environment for their 8-bit and 32-bit based microcontrollers: AVR Studio (older) and Atmel Studio (newer).
IDE The Arduino (IDE) is a application (for, ) that is written in the programming language. It originated from the IDE for the languages. It includes a code editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and replacing text, automatic indenting, and, and provides simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an Arduino board.
It also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a hierarchy of operation menus. The source code for the IDE is released under the, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages and using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a from the project, which provides many common input and output procedures.
User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main into an executable program with the, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware. Sketch A sketch is a program written with the Arduino IDE. Sketches are saved on the development computer as text files with the file extension.ino. Arduino Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved sketches with the extension.pde.
A minimal Arduino C/C program consist of only two functions:. setup: This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is used to initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the sketch.
loop: After setup function exits (ends), the loop function is executed repeatedly in the main program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset. Blink example.
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Power LED (red) and User LED (green) attached to pin 13 on an Arduino compatible board Most Arduino boards contain a (LED) and a current limiting resistor connected between pin 13 and ground, which is a convenient feature for many tests and program functions. A typical program used by beginners, akin to, is 'blink', which repeatedly blinks the on-board LED integrated into the Arduino board. This program uses the functions pinMode, digitalWrite, and delay, which are provided by the internal libraries included in the IDE environment. This program is usually loaded into a new Arduino board by the manufacturer.